be passed around to a group of churches, there is no reason why such geographical place(s) should have been left out. They are present in 1 Peter 1:1. Perhaps the original version of the encyclical had a blank space for the insertion of a place-name. There is some evidence for this practice in ancient court circular letters, adduced by Günter Zuntz (p. 228 n. 1). So Ephesians may well have been composed more as a homily than as a pastoral letter addressed to a local congregation. The textual exemplar